About the Authors

Sebastian Bach

Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Bach, Alexander Binder

sebastian.bach@hhi.fraunhofer.de (SB), klaus-robert.mueller@tu-berlin.de (KM), wojciech.samek@hhi.fraunhofer.de (WS)

Affiliations Machine Learning Group, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany, Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Alexander Binder

Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Bach, Alexander Binder

Affiliations Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ISTD Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore

Grégoire Montavon

Affiliation Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Frederick Klauschen

Affiliation Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany

Klaus-Robert Müller

sebastian.bach@hhi.fraunhofer.de (SB), klaus-robert.mueller@tu-berlin.de (KM), wojciech.samek@hhi.fraunhofer.de (WS)

Affiliations Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea

Wojciech Samek

sebastian.bach@hhi.fraunhofer.de (SB), klaus-robert.mueller@tu-berlin.de (KM), wojciech.samek@hhi.fraunhofer.de (WS)

Affiliations Machine Learning Group, Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany, Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors of this manuscript have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: AB, FK, and KRM have a pending patent application: http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013037983A1?cl = en and http://www.google.com/patents/EP2570970A1?cl = en. This patent deals with pixel-wise visualization of bag of words features. This patent does not deal with artificial neural networks. The authors submitted a second patent application, “RELEVANCE SCORE ASSIGNMENT FOR ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS” with the provisional application number PCT/EP2015/056008. The hereby confirm that this does not alter their adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors (SB, GM, WS) have declared that no competing interests exist on their behalf.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SB AB GM WS FK KRM. Performed the experiments: SB AB GM. Wrote the paper: AB SB WS GM KRM FK. Conceived the theoretical framework: AB GM SB WS. Performed the experiments: SB AB GM. Revised the manuscript: KRM WS GM AB SB. Figure design: WS SB GM AB FK. Wrote code for MNIST: SB GM. Wrote code for ILSVRC: AB. Wrote code for BOW: SB AB. Image search and generation: AB SB GM.