About the Authors

Peter C. Dumoulin

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America

Stefanie A. Trop

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America

Jinxia Ma

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America

Hao Zhang

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America

Matthew A. Sherman

Affiliation Triangle Research Labs, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, United States of America

Jelena Levitskaya

lelena1@jhu.edu

Affiliation W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America

Competing Interests

MS is an employee of Triangle Research Labs. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PD JL. Performed the experiments: PD JL ST JM HZ. Analyzed the data: PD JL ST JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HZ MS. Wrote the paper: PD JL.