About the Authors

Amro Qaddoura

Contributed equally to this work with: Amro Qaddoura, Payam Yazdan-Ashoori

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Payam Yazdan-Ashoori

Contributed equally to this work with: Amro Qaddoura, Payam Yazdan-Ashoori

Affiliation Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Conrad Kabali

Affiliation Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Lehana Thabane

Affiliations Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

R. Brian Haynes

Affiliations Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Stuart J. Connolly

Affiliations Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall

harriette.vanspall@phri.ca

Affiliations Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HV AQ PYA. Performed the experiments: AQ PYA HV. Analyzed the data: AQ PYA CK HV LT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HV CK. Wrote the paper: AQ PYA CK HV RBH SJC.