About the Authors

Luisa A. Baker

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Karla C. L. Lee

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Carolina Palacios Jimenez

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Hatim Alibhai

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Yu-Mei Chang

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

Pamela J. Leckie

Affiliation Liver Failure Group, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee

Affiliation Liver Failure Group, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Nathan A. Davies

Affiliation Liver Failure Group, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Fausto Andreola

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Liver Failure Group, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Rajiv Jalan

r.jalan@ucl.ac.uk

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Liver Failure Group, University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Rajiv Jalan is the inventor of UCL Liver Dialysis device and ornithine phenylacetate which were licensed to Yagrit limited and Ocera Therapeutics by UCL. He has research collaborations with Ocera, Grifols, Norgine and Gambro, and consults with Ocera, Grifols and Conatus. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LAB KCLL FA RJ CPJ HA YMC PJL NAD RPM. Performed the experiments: LAB FA KCLL CPJ HA PJL NAD. Analyzed the data: LAB YMC FA. Wrote the paper: LAB KCLL YMC FA RJ. Obtained funding: KCLL RPM NAD RJ.