About the Authors

George Janssen

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Chantal Christis

Affiliation DSM Food Specialties, Delft, The Netherlands

Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Luppo Edens

Affiliation DSM Food Specialties, Delft, The Netherlands

Drew Smith

Affiliation DSM Food Specialties, South Bend, United States of America

Peter van Veelen

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter van Veelen, Frits Koning

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Frits Koning

Contributed equally to this work with: Peter van Veelen, Frits Koning

F.Koning@lumc.nl

Affiliation Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: CC, LE, and DS are employed by DSM Food Specialties and involved in the development of the AN-PEP enzyme for gluten degradation. This research was partly funded by DSM Food Specialties: DSM Food Specialties paid part of the salary of GJ. DSM does not sell AN-PEP to treat or prevent Celiac Disease. GJ, YK-W, PvV, and FK are employed by the Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC). Neither GJ, YK-W, PvV, FK nor the LUMC has commercial interest in the marketing of the AN-PEP enzyme for gluten degradation. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Performed the experiments: GJ CC YK-W DS. Analyzed the data: GJ CC YK-W LE DS PvV FK. Wrote the paper: GJ PvV FK. Conceived the study: LE FK. Designed the study: GJ PvV FK. Designed and performed the enzyme assays: DS. Designed and performed the R5 ELISA: CC. Designed and performed the mass spectrometric analysis: GJ. Designed and performed the T-cell proliferation assays: YK-W. Contributed to the manuscript: CC DS LE YK-W.