About the Authors

Alex J. Loosley

Affiliation Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Xian M. O’Brien

Affiliation Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Jonathan S. Reichner

Affiliation Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Jay X. Tang

Jay_Tang@brown.edu

Affiliation Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJL XMO JSR JXT. Performed the experiments: AJL XMO. Analyzed the data: AJL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AJL XMO. Wrote the paper: AJL XMO JSR JXT. Derived the model: AJL JXT.