About the Authors

Qiang Chen

Affiliation School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

Hongguo Xu

Affiliation School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

Lidong Tan

tanld@jlu.edu.cn

Affiliation School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: QC HGX LDT. Performed the experiments: QC. Analyzed the data: QC LDT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: QC HGX. Wrote the paper: QC HGX.