About the Authors

Sarah R. Lowe

srl2143@columbia.edu

Affiliation Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York, United States of America

Laura Sampson

Affiliation Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Oliver Gruebner

Affiliation Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York, United States of America

Sandro Galea

Affiliation Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SRL LS SG. Performed the experiments: SRL LS SG. Analyzed the data: SRL OG. Wrote the paper: SRL LS OG SG.