About the Authors
- Ivan Meeus
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* E-mail: ivan.meeus@ugent.be (IM); guy.smagghe@UGent.be (GS)
Affiliation Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Laurian Parmentier
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Affiliation Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Annelies Billiet
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Affiliation Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Kevin Maebe
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Affiliation Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
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Affiliation Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Dieter Deforce
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Affiliation Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Felix Wäckers
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Affiliation Biobest NV, Ilse Velden 18, B-2260, Westerlo, Belgium
- Peter Vandamme
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Affiliation Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 3, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Guy Smagghe
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* E-mail: ivan.meeus@ugent.be (IM); guy.smagghe@UGent.be (GS)
Affiliation Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
Competing Interests
One of the authors, FW, professor at the Lancaster University, has an additional affiliation as head of research of the bumblebee rearing company Biobest NV. However, this does not generate a conflict of interest and does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no other competing interests.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: IM GS. Performed the experiments: LP AB. Analyzed the data: IM KM LP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FW FVN. Wrote the paper: IM PV LP AB KM FVN DD FW GS. Enabled Illumina sequencing and barcoding setup: FVN DD. Sampling: LP IM.