About the Authors

Vibian Angwenyi

vangwenyi@kemri-wellcome.org

Affiliation Department of Public Health Research, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box, 230–80108, Kilifi, Kenya

Kwaku-Poku Asante

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana

Abdoulaye Traoré

Affiliation Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

Lawrence Gyabaa Febir

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana

Charlotte Tawiah

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana

Anthony Kwarteng

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana

Alphonse Ouédraogo

Affiliation Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

Sodiomon Bienvenue Sirima

Affiliation Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

Seth Owusu-Agyei

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), P.O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana

Egeruan Babatunde Imoukhuede

Affiliation European Vaccine Initiative (EVI),Universitäts Klinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

Jayne Webster

Affiliation Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom

Daniel Chandramohan

Affiliation Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom

Sassy Molyneux

Affiliations Department of Public Health Research, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box, 230–80108, Kilifi, Kenya, The Ethox Centre, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom, The Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom

Caroline Jones

Affiliations Department of Public Health Research, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box, 230–80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom, The Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

All authors have declared no competing interests exist. Sassy Molyneux (SM) is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member, and SM confirms that this does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE editorial policies and criteria.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CJ SM KPA SOA AT SBS EBI DC JW VA. Performed the experiments: VA KPA AT LGF CT AK AO SM CJ. Analyzed the data: VA KPA AT LGF CT AK AO SM CJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VA KPA AT LGF CT AK AO SBS SOA EBI JW DC SM CJ. Wrote the paper: VA KPA AT LGF CT AK AO SBS SOA EBI JW DC SM CJ. Overall project coordinator: KPA.