About the Authors

Karen M. Kapheim

Contributed equally to this work with: Karen M. Kapheim, Vikyath D. Rao

karen.kapheim@usu.edu

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Entomology, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Biology, 5305 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341 United States of America

Vikyath D. Rao

Contributed equally to this work with: Karen M. Kapheim, Vikyath D. Rao

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Physics, 1110 W. Green St., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America

Carl J. Yeoman

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, P.O. Box 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America

Brenda A. Wilson

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Microbiology, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America

Bryan A. White

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Animal Sciences, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America

Nigel Goldenfeld

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Physics, 1110 W. Green St., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America

Gene E. Robinson

Affiliations Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America, Department of Entomology, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GER B. White B. Wilson CJY KMK. Performed the experiments: KMK CJY. Analyzed the data: KMK VDR CJY NG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KMK VDR CJY NG B. White GER. Wrote the paper: KMK. Discussed results: KMK VDR CJY B. White B. Wilson NG GER. Edited the paper: KMK VDR CJY B. White B. Wilson NG GER.