About the Authors

Gwinyai Masukume

parturitions@gmail.com

Affiliation School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Ali S. Khashan

Affiliations Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Louise C. Kenny

Affiliation Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Philip N. Baker

Affiliation Gravida: National Centre for Growth & Development, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Gill Nelson

Affiliation School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

SCOPE Consortium

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GM ASK LCK PNB GN. Performed the experiments: GM. Analyzed the data: GM ASK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GM ASK LCK PNB GN. Wrote the paper: GM ASK LCK PNB GN.