About the Authors

Nancy M. Cladel

nmc4@psu.edu

Affiliations The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America

Lynn R. Budgeon

Affiliations The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America

Karla K. Balogh

Affiliations The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America

Timothy K. Cooper

Affiliation Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, United States of America

Jiafen Hu

Affiliations The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America

Neil D. Christensen

Affiliations The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NDC JH NMC. Wrote the paper: NMC. Performed the animal experiments: NMC JH KKB. Performed all histological procedures: LRB. Performed the Q PCR quantification: JH. Carried out weekly analyses of the data: NMC. Initial evaluations of the immunohistochemistry and histology: LRB NDC. Provided expert analysis of the histological sections: TKC.