About the Authors

Joanna Seiffert

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Farhana Hussain

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Coen Wiegman

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Feng Li

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Leo Bey

Affiliations Department of Material Science, Chemistry and the London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Warren Baker

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Alexandra Porter

Affiliation Department of Material Science, Chemistry and the London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Mary P. Ryan

Affiliation Department of Material Science, Chemistry and the London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Yan Chang

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Andrew Gow

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

Junfeng Zhang

Affiliation Nicholas School of Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States of America

Jie Zhu

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Terry D. Tetley

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Kian Fan Chung

f.chung@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AP MPR AG JJZ TDT KFC. Performed the experiments: JS FH CW FL WB JZ. Analyzed the data: JC FH CW LB JZ YC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YC JJZ. Wrote the paper: JS AP KFC.