About the Authors

Patricia. J. Munseri

Contributed equally to this work with: Patricia. J. Munseri, Arne Kroidl

pmunseri@yahoo.com

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Venhalsan, Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

Arne Kroidl

Contributed equally to this work with: Patricia. J. Munseri, Arne Kroidl

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Charlotta Nilsson

Affiliations The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden

Agricola Joachim

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Christof Geldmacher

Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Philipp Mann

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Candida Moshiro

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Said Aboud

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Eligius Lyamuya

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Leonard Maboko

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania

Marco Missanga

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania

Bahati Kaluwa

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania

Sayoki Mfinanga

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research—Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Lilly Podola

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Asli Bauer

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Karina Godoy-Ramirez

Affiliation The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden

Mary Marovich

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Rockville, MD, United States of America and The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Bernard Moss

Affiliation Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Michael Hoelscher

Affiliations National Institute for Medical Research—Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

Frances Gotch

Affiliation Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Wolfgang Stöhr

Affiliation Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Richard Stout

Affiliation Bioject Medical Technologies, 7180 SW Sandburg St, Tigard, Oregon, United States of America

Sheena McCormack

Affiliation Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Britta Wahren

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Fred Mhalu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Merlin L. Robb

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Rockville, MD, United States of America and The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Gunnel Biberfeld

Affiliations The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Eric Sandström

Affiliation Venhalsan, Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

Muhammad Bakari

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AK CN SA MB ES GB BW MH MR M. Marovich M. Missanga FG FM RS. Performed the experiments: PJM AK PM LM FM MB CN AJ CG SA LP AB KGR EL GB. Analyzed the data: PJM AK CM WS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BM BW RS. Wrote the paper: PJM AK PM LM FM MB CN AJ CG SA LP AB KGR GB S. McCormack S. Mfinanga FM MH FG MR ES M. Marovich WS BK EL CM BM.