About the Authors

Minette Lagman

Affiliations Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Judy Ly

Affiliation Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Tommy Saing

Affiliation Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Manpreet Kaur Singh

Contributed equally to this work with: Manpreet Kaur Singh, Enrique Vera Tudela

Affiliations Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Enrique Vera Tudela

Contributed equally to this work with: Manpreet Kaur Singh, Enrique Vera Tudela

Affiliations Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Devin Morris

Affiliation Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Po-Ting Chi

Affiliations Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Cesar Ochoa

Affiliation Western Diabetes Institute, Pomona, California, United States of America

Airani Sathananthan

Affiliation Western Diabetes Institute, Pomona, California, United States of America

Vishwanath Venketaraman

vvenketaraman@westernu.edu

Affiliations Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This research was partially funded by Your Energy Systems. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. None of the authors are affiliated to this company.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VV. Performed the experiments: ML JL TS MS ET PC DM. Analyzed the data: VV ML JL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML. Wrote the paper: VV ML. Contributed patient samples: AS CO. Supervised the project: VV.