About the Authors

Marta Aleandri

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Maria Pia Conte

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Giovanna Simonetti

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Simona Panella

Affiliations Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy

Ignacio Celestino

Affiliations Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy

Paola Checconi

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Massimiliano Marazzato

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Catia Longhi

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Paola Goldoni

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Mauro Nicoletti

Affiliation Department of Experimental Sciences and Clinics “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy

Nicolas Barnich

Affiliation Clermont University, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

Anna Teresa Palamara

annateresa.palamara@uniroma1.it

Affiliations IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Telematic University, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Serena Schippa

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Lucia Nencioni

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they do not have a commercial or other association that might pose a conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MA MPC GS SS LN. Performed the experiments: MA SP IC PC MM. Analyzed the data: MA MPC CL LN MM SP IC PG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ATP NB. Wrote the paper: MA MPC MN ATP SS LN NB.