About the Authors

Suvi Asikainen

Contributed equally to this work with: Suvi Asikainen, Liisa Heikkinen

suvi.asikainen@helsinki.fi

Affiliations Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden, Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Liisa Heikkinen

Contributed equally to this work with: Suvi Asikainen, Liisa Heikkinen

Affiliations A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland

Juuso Juhila

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Frida Holm

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden

Jere Weltner

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Ras Trokovic

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Milla Mikkola

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Sanna Toivonen

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Diego Balboa

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Riina Lampela

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden

Katherine Icay

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Timo Tuuri

Affiliation Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Timo Otonkoski

Affiliations Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland

Garry Wong

Affiliations A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., China

Outi Hovatta

Affiliation Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SA LH JJ JW RT TT TO GW OH. Performed the experiments: SA LH JJ FH. Analyzed the data: SA LH JJ KI GW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SA LH JJ FH MM ST DB RL. Wrote the paper: SA LH GW OH.