About the Authors

George N. Okoli

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom

Harmony E. Otete

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom

Charles R. Beck

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom

Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam

jvt@nottingham.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: The University of Nottingham Health Protection and Influenza Research Group is currently in receipt of research funds from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and unrestricted educational grants for influenza research from F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Astra Zeneca. The aforementioned funding received from GSK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Astra Zeneca did not support any aspect of this study. Professor Van-Tam has received funding to attend influenza related meetings, lecture and consultancy fees and research funding, from several influenza antiviral drug and vaccine manufacturers. All forms of personal remuneration ceased in September 2010, but influenza-related research funding from GSK and F. Hoffmann-La Roche remains current, as stated above. He is a former employee of SmithKline Beecham plc. (now GlaxoSmithKline), Roche Products Ltd, and Aventis-Pasteur MSD (now Sanofi-Pasteur MSD), all prior to 2005, with no outstanding pecuniary interests by way of shareholdings, share options or accrued pension rights. Dr George N. Okoli, Miss Harmony E. Otete and Dr Charles R. Beck have no potential conflicts of interest to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Performed the experiments: GNO HEO CRB JSN-V-T. Analyzed the data: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GNO HEO CRB JSN-V-T. Wrote the paper: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Protocol design: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Literature search: GNO HEO CRB. Sifting and data processing: GNO HEO. Data interpretation: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Drafting manuscript: GNO CRB JSN-V-T. Narrative synthesis, meta-analysis, and study co-ordination: GNO. Scientific critique: CRB JSN-V-T. Senior supervision: JSN-V-T.