About the Authors

Shiying Hao

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliations HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Bo Jin

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Andrew Young Shin

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Yifan Zhao

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Chunqing Zhu

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Zhen Li

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Zhongkai Hu

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Changlin Fu

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Jun Ji

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Yong Wang

Affiliations Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Yingzhen Zhao

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Dorothy Dai

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Devore S. Culver

Affiliation HealthInfoNet, Portland, Maine, United States of America

Shaun T. Alfreds

Affiliation HealthInfoNet, Portland, Maine, United States of America

Todd Rogow

Affiliation HealthInfoNet, Portland, Maine, United States of America

Frank Stearns

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Karl G. Sylvester

‡ These authors are joint last authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Eric Widen

‡ These authors are joint last authors on this work.

Affiliation HBI Solutions Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Xuefeng B. Ling

bxling@stanford.edu

‡ These authors are joint last authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

KGS, EW, and XBL are co-founders and equity holders of HBI Solutions, Inc., which is currently developing predictive analytics solutions in healthcare. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. From Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, AYS, YW, YZ, KGS, and XBL conducted this research as part of a personal outside consulting arrangement with HBI Solutions, Inc. The research and research results are not, in any way, associated with Stanford University. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BJ XBL ZH DSC STA TR KGS EW. Analyzed the data: SH ZH Yifan Zhao CZ BJ AYS XBL KGS EW. Wrote the paper: SH ZH KGS AYS YW XBL. Acquired the data: BJ ZH CF Yingzhen Zhao JJ CZ BJ XBL KGS EW. Critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content: XBL SH ZL KGS AYS STA FS EW. Provided statistical expertise: XBL YW. Provided administrative, technical, or material support: ZH BJ CZ CF DD XBL KGS FS EW. Supervised the study: XBL KGS FS EW.