About the Authors

Matthew R. Markovetz

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Timothy E. Corcoran

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Landon W. Locke

Affiliation Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Michael M. Myerburg

Affiliation Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Joseph M. Pilewski

Affiliation Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Robert S. Parker

rparker@pitt.edu

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

Michael M. Myerburg is an editor for PLOS ONE, and he is an author on this paper. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE editorial policies and criteria.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MRM TEC LWL MMM RSP. Performed the experiments: MRM TEC LWL. Analyzed the data: MRM TEC LWL MMM RSP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MRM TEC LWL MMM JMP RSP. Wrote the paper: MRM TEC LWL MMM JMP RSP. Designed software used in analysis: MRM LWL MMM. Obtained permission for use of cell line: MMM JMP. Obtained informed consent of patients: MMM JMP.