About the Authors

Jia Li

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Tom R. Geisbush

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

William D. Arnold

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Glenn D. Rosen

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Phillip G. Zaworski

Affiliation PharmOptima, LLC, Portage, Michigan, United States of America

Seward B. Rutkove

srutkove@bidmc.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Rutkove has equity in, and serves a consultant and scientific advisor to, Skulpt, Inc., a company that designs impedance devices for clinical and research use; he is also a member of the company’s Board of Directors. The company also has an option to license patented impedance technology of which Dr. Rutkove is named as an inventor. In addition, Phillip Zaworski, is employed by PharmOptima, Inc. and is named on a patent application (Methods for the detecting survival motor neuron (SMN) protein in whole blood or cerebral spinal fluid, U.S. Provisional Application No 61/834,325). These facts do not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SR. Performed the experiments: JL TG. Analyzed the data: JL TG SR GR PZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL PZ GR. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JL SR WA PZ. Other: WA GR PZ.