About the Authors

Hitoshi Kawada

vergiss@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Gabriel O. Dida

Affiliations Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, School of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya

Kazunori Ohashi

Affiliation Health and Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Hyogo, Japan

Emiko Kawashima

Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

George Sonye

Affiliation Springs of Hope, Mbita, Kenya

Sammy M. Njenga

Affiliation Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya

Charles Mwandawiro

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Noboru Minakawa

Affiliations Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, The Global Center of Excellence Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Competing Interests

KO is an employee of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., but he is not the board member, has no stocks of the company. No patent was applied by the study. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HK KO. Performed the experiments: HK GOD EK. Analyzed the data: HK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GOD GS. Wrote the paper: HK. Reviewed the protocol for the study and criticized on the discussion in the manuscript: SMN CM NM.