About the Authors
- Jens Baumert
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jens Baumert, Jie Huang, Barbara McKnight, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Maristella Steri
Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Jie Huang
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jens Baumert, Jie Huang, Barbara McKnight, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Maristella Steri
Affiliations National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Barbara McKnight
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jens Baumert, Jie Huang, Barbara McKnight, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Maristella Steri
Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Maria Sabater-Lleal
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jens Baumert, Jie Huang, Barbara McKnight, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Maristella Steri
Affiliation Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Maristella Steri
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jens Baumert, Jie Huang, Barbara McKnight, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Maristella Steri
Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Audrey Y. Chu
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Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stella Trompet
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Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Lorna M. Lopez
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Affiliations Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Myriam Fornage
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Affiliation Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Alexander Teumer
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Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Weihong Tang
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Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Alicja R. Rudnicka
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Affiliation Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
- Anders Mälarstig
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jouke-Jan Hottenga
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Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Maryam Kavousi
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Jari Lahti
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Affiliations Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Toshiko Tanaka
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Affiliation Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Caroline Hayward
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Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Jennifer E. Huffman
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Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
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Affiliation INSERM UMR_S 1062, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Lynda M. Rose
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Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Saonli Basu
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Affiliation Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Ann Rumley
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Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- David J. Stott
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Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Brendan M. Buckley
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Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Anton J. M. de Craen
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Affiliation Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Serena Sanna
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Marco Masala
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Reiner Biffar
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Affiliation Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Georg Homuth
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Affiliation Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Angela Silveira
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bengt Sennblad
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Affiliations Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Anuj Goel
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Hugh Watkins
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Affiliations Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Martina Müller-Nurasyid
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Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Regina Rückerl
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Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Kent Taylor
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Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Ming-Huei Chen
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Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eco J. C. de Geus
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Affiliation Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Albert Hofman
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Moniek P. M. de Maat
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Affiliation Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Aarno Palotie
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Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Gail Davies
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Affiliations Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- David S. Siscovick
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Ivana Kolcic
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Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
- Sarah H. Wild
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Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Jaejoon Song
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Affiliation Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Wendy L. McArdle
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Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Ian Ford
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Affiliation Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Naveed Sattar
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Affiliation BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- David Schlessinger
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Affiliation Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Anne Grotevendt
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Affiliation Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Maria Grazia Franzosi
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Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
- Thomas Illig
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Affiliations Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Melanie Waldenberger
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Affiliation Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Thomas Lumley
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Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Geoffrey H. Tofler
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Affiliation Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Gonneke Willemsen
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Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- André G. Uitterlinden
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Fernando Rivadeneira
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Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Katri Räikkönen
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Affiliation Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Daniel I. Chasman
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Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Aaron R. Folsom
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Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Gordon D. Lowe
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Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Rudi G. J. Westendorp
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Affiliation Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- P. Eline Slagboom
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Affiliation Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Francesco Cucca
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Henri Wallaschofski
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Affiliations Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Rona J. Strawbridge
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Udo Seedorf
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Affiliation Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung an der Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Wolfgang Koenig
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Joshua C. Bis
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Kenneth J. Mukamal
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Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Jenny van Dongen
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Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Elisabeth Widen
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Affiliation Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Oscar H. Franco
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- John M. Starr
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Affiliations Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Kiang Liu
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Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Luigi Ferrucci
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Affiliation Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Ozren Polasek
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Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- James F. Wilson
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Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
- Tiphaine Oudot-Mellakh
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Affiliations INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France, ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Harry Campbell
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Affiliation Department of Public Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
- Pau Navarro
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Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Stefania Bandinelli
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Affiliation Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence, Italy
- Johan Eriksson
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Affiliations Folkhalsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Dorret I. Boomsma
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Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, VU University & EMGO+ institute, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Abbas Dehghan
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Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Robert Clarke
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Affiliation Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Anders Hamsten
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Affiliation Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Eric Boerwinkle
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Affiliation Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- J. Wouter Jukema
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Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Silvia Naitza
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Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
- Paul M. Ridker
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Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Henry Völzke
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Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Ian J. Deary
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Affiliations Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alexander P. Reiner
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Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- David-Alexandre Trégouët
-
¶These authors also contributed equally to this work as last authors.
Affiliations INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France, ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Christopher J. O'Donnell
-
¶These authors also contributed equally to this work as last authors.
Affiliations National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- David P. Strachan
-
¶These authors also contributed equally to this work as last authors.
Affiliation Division of Population Health Sciences & Education, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
- Annette Peters
-
* E-mail: peters@helmholtz-muenchen.de (A. Peters); nlsmith@u.washington.edu (NLS)
¶These authors also contributed equally to this work as last authors.
Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Nicholas L. Smith
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* E-mail: peters@helmholtz-muenchen.de (A. Peters); nlsmith@u.washington.edu (NLS)
¶These authors also contributed equally to this work as last authors.
Affiliations Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Seattle Epidemiologic Research & Information Center, Veterans Affairs Office of Research & Development, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have the following interests: The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (Contract No. N01-HC-25195) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No. N02-HL-6-4278). The PROSPER/PHASE study was supported by an investigator initiated grant obtained from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Kavousi is supported by AXA Research Fund. Oscar H. Franco works in ErasmusAGE, a center for aging research across the life course funded by Nestle Nutrition (Nestec Ltd), Metagenics Inc, and AXA. Part of the SHIP study was funded by a joint grant from Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg West Pomerania. The University of Greifswald is a member of the ‘Center of Knowledge Interchange’ program of the Siemens AG and the Caché Campus program of the InterSystems GmbH. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors at the time of submission.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: ARF EB (ARIC) DPS (B58C) APR (CARDIA) NLS (CHS) CH IK OP (CROATIA-Vis) CJO (FHS) JE (HBCS) LF S. Bandinelli (InCHIANTI) A. Peters TI WK (KORA) IJD JMS (LBC) DAT (MARTHA) GW EJCDG DIB (NTR) SHW JFW HC (ORCADES) H. Watkins US A. Hamsten (PROCARDIS) IF RGJW JWJ DJS BMB AJMdC PES (PROSPER) AGU AD (RS) DS FC SN (SardiNIA) HV (SHIP) DIC PMR (WGHS). Wrote the paper: WT S. Basu ARF EB (ARIC) DPS (B58C) APR MF (CARDIA) BM KT TL KJM JCB NLS (CHS) CH IK OP PN (CROATIA-Vis) JH CJO (FHS) JL KR EW A. Palotie JE (HBCS) TT (InCHIANTI) JB RR WK A. Peters (KORA) LML GD JMS IJD (LBC) PEM DAT (MARTHA) JJH EJCDG DIB (NTR) JEH SHW JFW HC (ORCADES) MS-L H. Watkins US A. Hamsten (PROCARDIS) ST RGJW JWJ DJS NS AJMdC PES (PROSPER) MK AD (RS) MS SS SN (SardiNIA) AT RB A. Grotevendt H. Wallaschofski HV (SHIP) AYC DIC PMR (WGHS). Performed or contributed data measurements: ARF EB (ARIC) AR WLM GDL DPS (B58C) MF KL DSS (CARDIA) KT KJM (CHS) CH IK OP PN (CROATIA-Vis) MHC GHT (FHS) JL EW A Palotie KR JE (HBCS) LF S. Bandinelli (InCHIANTI) MMN TI MW WK (KORA) GD IJD JMS (LBC) PEM (MARTHA) JJH GW EJCDG DIB (NTR) SHW JFW HC (ORCADES) AM RS AS BS A. Goel MGF RC (PROCARDIS) IF RGJW JWJ DJS BMB (PROSPER) A. Hofman JCMW AGU MPMM FR OHF (RS) MM DS FC (SardiNIA) A. Grotevendt H. Wallaschofski HV (SHIP) LMR DIC PMR (WGHS). Performed data analyses: JS WT S. Basu (ARIC) ARR DPS (B58C) MF (CARDIA) BM JCB (CHS) CH (CROATIA-Vis) JH (FHS) JL (HBCS) TT (InCHIANTI) JB (KORA) LML (LBC) TOM DAT (MARTHA) JJH JVD (NTR) JEH (ORCADES) MS-L (PROCARDIS) ST (PROSPER) MK (RS) MS SS (SardiNIA) AT GH (SHIP) AYC LMR (WGHS). Drafted the manuscript: JB (KORA).