About the Authors

Katherine M. Gaskell

kmgaskell@doctors.org.uk

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Camilla Rothe

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi

Roshina Gnanadurai

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi

Patrick Goodson

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Department of Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi

Chikondi Jassi

Affiliation Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

Robert S. Heyderman

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Theresa J. Allain

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi

Thomas S. Harrison

Affiliation Infection and Immunity Research Centre, St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, United Kingdom

David G. Lalloo

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Derek J. Sloan

Contributed equally to this work with: Derek J. Sloan, Nicholas A. Feasey

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Nicholas A. Feasey

Contributed equally to this work with: Derek J. Sloan, Nicholas A. Feasey

Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CR NAF TJA RSH DGL TSH. Performed the experiments: KMG CR RG PG. Analyzed the data: DSJ KMG NAF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RSH CJ. Wrote the paper: KMG NAF DJS. Reviewed article: RSH DGL TJA TSH CR RG.