About the Authors

Caroline Petitdemange

Affiliations Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Unité des maladies Emergentes, Franceville, Gabon

Nadia Wauquier

Affiliations Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, Metabiota Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America

Jean-Michel Jacquet

Affiliation AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France

Ioannis Theodorou

Affiliations Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France

Eric Leroy

Affiliations Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Unité des maladies Emergentes, Franceville, Gabon, IRD, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France

Vincent Vieillard

vincent.vieillard@upmc.fr

Affiliations Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France, CNRS, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France

Competing Interests

Nadia Wauquier is consultant at Metabiota Inc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest. All authors have contributed to, seen, and approved the final, revised version of the manuscript.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CP EL VV. Performed the experiments: CP NW JMJ. Analyzed the data: CP NW IT EL VV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NW EL. Wrote the paper: CP NW VV.