About the Authors

Cheng-Ming Tsao

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Jhih-Gang Jhang

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Shiu-Jen Chen

Affiliations Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Shuk-Man Ka

Affiliation Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Tao-Cheng Wu

Affiliations Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Wen-Jinn Liaw

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Anesthesiology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Hsieh-Chou Huang

Contributed equally to this work with: Hsieh-Chou Huang, Chin-Chen Wu

hc1.huang@xuite.net (HCH); ccwu@office365.ndmctsgh.edu.tw (CCW)

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Chin-Chen Wu

Contributed equally to this work with: Hsieh-Chou Huang, Chin-Chen Wu

hc1.huang@xuite.net (HCH); ccwu@office365.ndmctsgh.edu.tw (CCW)

Affiliations Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CMT HCH CCW. Performed the experiments: JGJ SJC. Analyzed the data: CMT SJC WJL HCH CCW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMK TCW. Wrote the paper: CMT CCW.