About the Authors

Yan Xu

Affiliations State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China, Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China

Ji Hua

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China

Zhaoheng Ni

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China

Qinlang Chen

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China

Yubo Fan

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China

Sophia Ananiadou

Affiliation The National Centre for Text Mining, School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Eric I-Chao Chang

eric.chang@microsoft.com (EC); jtsujii@microsoft.com (JT)

Affiliation Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China

Junichi Tsujii

eric.chang@microsoft.com (EC); jtsujii@microsoft.com (JT)

Affiliation Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

Funding was received from Microsoft Research Asia, but is not accompanied by any other relevant declarations relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or marketed products and does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YX JH ZN YF QC SA JT EC. Performed the experiments: JH ZN QC. Analyzed the data: YX JH ZN. Wrote the paper: YX JH ZN QC YF SA JT EC. Designed the program for analysis: YX QC.