About the Authors

Derek G. Pyne

Contributed equally to this work with: Derek G. Pyne, Jun Liu

Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jun Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Derek G. Pyne, Jun Liu

Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mohamed Abdelgawad

mohamed.abdelgawad1@eng.au.edu.eg (MA); sun@mie.utoronto.ca (YS)

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

Yu Sun

mohamed.abdelgawad1@eng.au.edu.eg (MA); sun@mie.utoronto.ca (YS)

Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YS MA. Performed the experiments: DP JL. Analyzed the data: DP JL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DP JL. Wrote the paper: DP JL MA YS.