About the Authors

Sarah J. Ramer

sramer@post.harvard.edu

Affiliation Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Elan D. Cohen

Affiliation Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chung-Chou H. Chang

Affiliations Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mark L. Unruh

Affiliation Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America

Amber E. Barnato

Affiliations Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The CRISMA Laboratory (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness), Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SR EC CC MU AB. Performed the experiments: SR EC CC AB. Analyzed the data: SR EC CC AB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EC CC AB. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: SR EC MU AB.