About the Authors

Ai Takano

Contributed equally to this work with: Ai Takano, Kochi Toyomane

a-takano@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan

Kochi Toyomane

Contributed equally to this work with: Ai Takano, Kochi Toyomane

Affiliation Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Satoru Konnai

Affiliation Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Kazuhiko Ohashi

Affiliation Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Minoru Nakao

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan

Takuya Ito

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health. Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Masako Andoh

Affiliation Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan

Ken Maeda

Affiliations Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan

Masahisa Watarai

Affiliations Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan

Kozue Sato

Affiliation Department of Bacteriology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroki Kawabata

Affiliations Department of Bacteriology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science & Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AT SK KO KM MW HK. Performed the experiments: AT KT SK KS HK. Analyzed the data: AT KT SK HK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AT SK MN TI MA MW HK. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: AT KT SK MN TI HK.