Hawthorne Effect with Transient Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in a Randomized Controlled Sleep Extension Trial of Chronically Short-Sleeping Obese Adults: Implications for the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Studies

Giovanni Cizza; Paolo Piaggi; Kristina I. Rother; Gyorgy Csako; for the Sleep Extension Study Group

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104176

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Hawthorne Effect with Transient Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in a Randomized Controlled Sleep Extension Trial of Chronically Short-Sleeping Obese Adults: Implications for the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Studies

Giovanni Cizza ,

* E-mail: gcizza@gmail.com

Affiliation Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Paolo Piaggi,

Affiliation Obesity Research Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
⨯
Kristina I. Rother,

Affiliation Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch/National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Gyorgy Csako,

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
for the Sleep Extension Study Group

Hawthorne Effect with Transient Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in a Randomized Controlled Sleep Extension Trial of Chronically Short-Sleeping Obese Adults: Implications for the Design and Interpretation of Clinical Studies

Giovanni Cizza,
Paolo Piaggi,
Kristina I. Rother,
Gyorgy Csako,
for the Sleep Extension Study Group

Published: August 20, 2014
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104176

About the Authors

Giovanni Cizza

* E-mail: gcizza@gmail.com

Affiliation Section on Endocrinology & Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Paolo Piaggi

Affiliation Obesity Research Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Kristina I. Rother

Affiliation Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch/National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Gyorgy Csako

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

for the Sleep Extension Study Group

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: G. Cizza G. Csako. Performed the experiments: G. Cizza. Analyzed the data: G. Cizza PP KIR G. Csako. Wrote the paper: G. Cizza PP KIR G. Csako.

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Sleep
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Glucose
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Obesity
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Body weight
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Blood pressure
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Insulin
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Metabolic syndrome
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Glucose metabolism
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