About the Authors

Lorraine Frew

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Sofia Makieva

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew T. M. McKinlay

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Brian J. McHugh

Affiliation MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Ann Doust

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jane E. Norman

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Donald J. Davidson

Contributed equally to this work with: Donald J. Davidson, Sarah J. Stock

Affiliation MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Sarah J. Stock

Contributed equally to this work with: Donald J. Davidson, Sarah J. Stock

sarah.stock@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Tommy's centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LF DJD SJS. Performed the experiments: LF SM AM BJM. Analyzed the data: LF SM AM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AD JEN DJD SJS. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: LF JEN DJD SJS.