About the Authors

Rodolphe Pontier-Bres

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 4 “Inflammation, Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Patrick Munro

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 6 “Microbial toxins in host pathogen interactions” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Laurent Boyer

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 6 “Microbial toxins in host pathogen interactions” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Rodolphe Anty

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 8 “Hepatic complications in obesity” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Véronique Imbert

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 4 “Inflammation, Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Chloé Terciolo

Affiliation CRO2 INSERM U911, Campus Santé Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France

Fréderic André

Affiliation CRO2 INSERM U911, Campus Santé Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France

Patrick Rampal

Affiliation Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco

Emmanuel Lemichez

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 6 “Microbial toxins in host pathogen interactions” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Jean-François Peyron

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 4 “Inflammation, Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Dorota Czerucka

czerucka@unice.fr

Affiliations INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team 4 “Inflammation, Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells” Nice, France, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Médecine, IFR50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France

Competing Interests

DC has acted as scientific advisor to Biocodex S.A. (Gentilly France); she has also received a travel grant from them. PR acts as expert for Biocodex S.A. and received a travel grant from them. RPB's and DC's salaries are paid by non-profit association. CT received a grant from Biocodex S.A. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RPB DC. Performed the experiments: RPB DC PR. Analyzed the data: RPB JFP DC LB VI RA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PM CT FA VI. Wrote the paper: DC JFP EL PM.