About the Authors

Catherine Riou

Contributed equally to this work with: Catherine Riou, Clive M. Gray

Affiliation Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and National Health Laboratory Services, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Clive M. Gray

Contributed equally to this work with: Catherine Riou, Clive M. Gray

clive.gray@uct.ac.za

Affiliation Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and National Health Laboratory Services, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Masixole Lugongolo

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa

Thabisile Gwala

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa

Agano Kiravu

Affiliation Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and National Health Laboratory Services, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Pamela Deniso

Affiliation Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Lynsey Stewart-Isherwood

Affiliation Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Shaheed Vally Omar

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa

Martin P. Grobusch

Affiliation Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Gerrit Coetzee

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa

Francesca Conradie

Affiliation Right to Care and the Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Nazir Ismail

Affiliation National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa

Gilla Kaplan

Affiliation Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, Public Health Research Institute at the International Center for Public Health, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Dorothy Fallows

Affiliation Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunity and Pathogenesis, Public Health Research Institute at the International Center for Public Health, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CR CMG MPG GC FC NI GK DF. Performed the experiments: CR AK ML TG LSI. Analyzed the data: CR CMG AK LSI SVO DF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CR CMG ML TG AK PD LSI SVO NI. Wrote the paper: CR CMG DF. Patient recruitment: PD FC. Microbiology: LSI SVO NI. Clinical database: LSI FC DF.