About the Authors

Claire F. Ferraro

Affiliation Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Caroline L. Trotter

clt56@cam.ac.uk

Affiliation Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Maria C. Nascimento

Affiliation Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Jean-François Jusot

Affiliation Unité d'Epidémiologie, Centre de Recherches Médicales et Sanitaires (CERMES), Niamey, Niger

Babatunji A. Omotara

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abraham Hodgson

Affiliations Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Ghana

Oumer Ali

Affiliation Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Serge Alavo

Affiliation L'institut de recherche pour le développement, Dakar, Senegal

Samba Sow

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development-Mali (CVD-MALI), Bamako, Mali

Doumagoum Moto Daugla

Affiliation Centre de Support en Santé Internationale (CSSI), Ndjamena, Chad

James M. Stuart

Affiliation Department of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Please note that Dr. Caroline Trotter serves as an academic editor for PLOS ONE. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMS MCN CLT DMD OA AH SS J-FJ BAO SA. Performed the experiments: DMD OA AH SS J-FJ BAO SA. Analyzed the data: CFF CLT. Wrote the paper: CFF CLT JMS. Contributed to the critical review of the manuscript: CFF MCN J-FJ BAO AH OA SA SS DMD JMS CLT.