About the Authors

Huyuan Zhang

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China

Qing Zhang

m35t@163.com

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, P. R. China

Bo Yang

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China

Jinfang Wang

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, P. R. China, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China

Competing Interests

The author have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HZ QZ BY JW. Performed the experiments: QZ BY JW. Analyzed the data: QZ BY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HZ QZ BY JW. Wrote the paper: QZ.