About the Authors

Mariaconcetta Sicurella

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Francesco Nicoli

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Eleonora Gallerani

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Ilaria Volpi

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Elena Berto

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Valentina Finessi

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Federica Destro

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Roberto Manservigi

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Aurelio Cafaro

Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

Barbara Ensoli

Affiliation National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

Antonella Caputo

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Riccardo Gavioli

mcy@unife.it (PM); gvr@unife.it (RG)

Shared senior authorship

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Peggy C. Marconi

mcy@unife.it (PM); gvr@unife.it (RG)

Shared senior authorship

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology and Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PCM RG MS A. Caputo. Performed the experiments: MS IV EB FN EG VF FD CT. Analyzed the data: MS PCM RG A. Caputo A. Cafaro BE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: A. Cafaro BE RM. Wrote the paper: PCM RG.