About the Authors

Denis Bard

denis.bard@ehesp.fr

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Wahida Kihal

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Charles Schillinger

Affiliation Association pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en Alsace-ASPA, Schiltigheim, France

Christophe Fermanian

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Claire Ségala

Affiliation SEPIA-Santé, Baud, France

Sophie Glorion

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

Dominique Arveiler

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (EA3430), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Christiane Weber

Affiliation Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE UMR7362 CNRS), Faculté de géographie et d'aménagement, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Competing Interests

The authors have the following interests. Wahida Kihal's Ph.D. was financially supported by both ADEME and the SITA Corporation. Charles Schillinger is employed by Association pour la Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en Alsace-ASPA, and Claire Ségala by SEPIA-Santé. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DB WK C. Ségala DA CW. Performed the experiments: WK. Analyzed the data: WK C. Schillinger CF SG C. Ségala. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: C. Schillinger. Wrote the paper: DB WK CW.