About the Authors

Alexander J. Probst

Contributed equally to this work with: Alexander J. Probst, Giovanni Birarda

Affiliations Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, Department for Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Giovanni Birarda

Contributed equally to this work with: Alexander J. Probst, Giovanni Birarda

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Hoi-Ying N. Holman

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Todd Z. DeSantis

Affiliation Department for Bioinformatics, Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America

Gerhard Wanner

Affiliation Department of Biology I, Biozentrum, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

Gary L. Andersen

Affiliation Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Alexandra K. Perras

Affiliation Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Sandra Meck

Affiliation Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Jörg Völkel

Affiliation Department of Geomorphology and Soil Science, Technische Universität München, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany

Hans A. Bechtel

Affiliation Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Reinhard Wirth

Affiliation Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Christine Moissl-Eichinger

christine.moissl-eichinger@ur.de

Affiliation Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Competing Interests

TZD and AJP are paid employees of Second Genome, Inc. (www.secondgenome.com), patent on PhyloChip G3 pending. This does not alter adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Second Genome is a gastrointestinal therapeutics company with a pipeline of intestinal microbiome modulators that impact metabolic diseases and IBD. The publication of archaeal microbiome dynamics in sulfidic groundwater does not influence the value of any of Second Genome's therapeutic assets.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJP GB H-YNH CM-E. Performed the experiments: AJP GB GW AKP SM CM-E. Analyzed the data: AJP GB TZD GW JV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GLA TZD HAB RW. Wrote the paper: AJP GB H-YNH CM-E.