About the Authors

Colin Drummond

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Paolo Deluca

Paolo.Deluca@kcl.ac.uk

These authors are joint first authors on this work.

Affiliation Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Simon Coulton

Affiliation Centre for Health Service Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom

Martin Bland

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Paul Cassidy

Affiliation Teams Family Practice, Gateshead, United Kingdom

Mike Crawford

Affiliation Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Veronica Dale

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Eilish Gilvarry

Affiliations Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, Northern Regional Drug and Alcohol Services, Newcastle, United Kingdom

Christine Godfrey

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Nick Heather

Affiliation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

Ruth McGovern

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

Judy Myles

Affiliation Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Dorothy Newbury-Birch

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

Adenekan Oyefeso

Affiliations Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom, Jeesal Cawston Park Hospital, Norfolk, United Kingdom

Steve Parrott

Affiliation Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Robert Patton

Affiliation Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Katherine Perryman

Affiliation Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Tom Phillips

Affiliations Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Willerby, United Kingdom

Jonathan Shepherd

Affiliation Violence Research Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Robin Touquet

Affiliation Emergency Department, Kingston Hospital, Kingston upon Thames, London, United Kingdom

Eileen Kaner

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

All authors had financial support from the Department of Health in England (Alcohol Policy Unit) for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CD, PD, SC, MB, PC, MC, VD, EG, CG, NH, RM, JM, DN, AO, SP, RP, KP, TP, JS, RT, and EK. Performed the experiments: PD, DNB, KP, AO, RM and RP. Analyzed the data: CG, SP, SC, VD and MB Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CD, EK, NH and JS. Wrote the manuscript: CD, PD, SC, MB, PC, MC, VD, EG, CG, NH, RM, JM, DN, AO, SP, RP, KP, TP, JS, RT, and EK. Other (please specify): Expertise on clinical aspects of the research: RT JM PC Statistical input: SC VD MB.