About the Authors

Christine M. Freeman

Affiliations Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Alexandra L. McCubbrey

Affiliation Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Sean Crudgington

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Joshua Nelson

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Fernando J. Martinez

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

MeiLan K. Han

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

George R. Washko Jr

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Womans Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephen W. Chensue

Affiliations Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Douglas A. Arenberg

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Catherine A. Meldrum

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Lisa McCloskey

Affiliation Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Jeffrey L. Curtis

jlcurtis@umich.edu

Affiliations Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CMF ALM FJM JLC. Performed the experiments: CMF ALM SC JN. Analyzed the data: CMF ALM FJM MKH GRW SWC DAA CAM LM JLC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GRW SWC DAA. Wrote the paper: CMF JLC. Obtained clinical regulatory approval: FJM MKH CAM LM JLC. Clinical Data acquisition: CAM LM. Obtained research funding: FJM JLC.