About the Authors

Kevin S. Kung

kkung@mit.edu

Affiliations Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Senseable City Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kael Greco

Affiliations Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Senseable City Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stanislav Sobolevsky

Affiliation Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Senseable City Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Carlo Ratti

Affiliations Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Senseable City Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. We acknowledge that Audi Volkswagen, BBVA, The Coca Cola Company, Ericsson, Ferrovial, GE provided funding for this study. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KSK KG SS CR. Performed the experiments: KSK KG. Analyzed the data: KSK KG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KSK KG. Wrote the paper: KSK KG.