About the Authors

Masayoshi Tojo

Affiliations Disease Control and Prevention Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Takahiro Fujita

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Yusuke Ainoda

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Maki Nagamatsu

Affiliations Disease Control and Prevention Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kayoko Hayakawa

Affiliation Disease Control and Prevention Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kazuhisa Mezaki

Affiliation Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Aki Sakurai

Affiliation Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan

Yoshinori Masui

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan

Hirohisa Yazaki

Affiliation AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroshi Takahashi

Affiliation East-West Diagnostics/Theranostics, LLC, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Kyoichi Totsuka

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

Teruo Kirikae

tkirikae@ri.ncgm.go.jp

Affiliation Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Norio Ohmagari

Affiliation Disease Control and Prevention Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

H. Takahashi is a managing partner of East-West Diagnostics/Theranostics, LLC, and a consultant to Nanosphere. H. Takahashi has no other declarations relating to patents, products in development or marketed products. This study is not funded by these companies. The remaining authors have no reported potential conflicts of interest. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MT KH HT TK NO. Performed the experiments: MT TF YA MN KH HT. Analyzed the data: MT TF YA TK NO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MT TF YA KM AS YM HY TMA KT NO. Wrote the paper: MT TK NO.