About the Authors

Kari A. Morfeld

morfeldk@si.edu

Affiliation Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Roya, Virginia, United States of America

John Lehnhardt

Affiliation The National Elephant Center, Fellsmere, Florida, United States of America

Christina Alligood

Affiliation Disney's Animal Kingdom, Bay Lake, Florida, United States of America

Jeff Bolling

Affiliation The National Elephant Center, Fellsmere, Florida, United States of America

Janine L. Brown

Affiliation Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Roya, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

C. Alligood is employed by Disney Animal Kingdom. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE polices on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KAM JLB CA JB JL. Performed the experiments: KAM CA JB JL. Analyzed the data: KAM JLB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KAM JLB. Wrote the paper: KAM JLB.