About the Authors

Maryam Kamali

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Paul E. Marek

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Ashley Peery

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio

Affiliation Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroon

Cyrille Ndo

Affiliations Malaria Research Laboratory, OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroon, MIVEGEC (UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

Zhijian Tu

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Frederic Simard

Affiliation MIVEGEC (UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France

Igor V. Sharakhov

igor@vt.edu

Affiliation Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IVS. Performed the experiments: MK PEM. Analyzed the data: MK PEM IVS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CN FS CA-N AP ZT. Wrote the paper: MK IVS PEM. The manuscript which was critically revised by CN CA-N ZT FS.