About the Authors
- Zachary A. Smith
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Affiliation Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Georgios A. Vastardis
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Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Gerard Carandang
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Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Robert M. Havey
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Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Sean Hannon
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Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Nader Dahdaleh
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Affiliation Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Leonard I. Voronov
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Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Richard G. Fessler
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Affiliation Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Avinash G. Patwardhan
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* E-mail: apatwar@lumc.edu
Affiliations Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
Competing Interests
Dr. Zachary A. Smith is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member. Unrelated to this study, Dr. Z. A. Smith receives educational grant funding support from Medtronic Inc. (Memphis, TN). There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: ZS RH ND LV RF AP. Performed the experiments: GV SH. Analyzed the data: GC ZS RH ND LV RF AP. Wrote the paper: ZS GC RH ND LV RF AP.