About the Authors

Lise Graversen

lgra@alm.au.dk (LG); m.jarvelin@imperial.ac.uk (MRJ)

Affiliation Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Thorkild I. A. Sørensen

Affiliations Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Liselotte Petersen

Affiliation National Centre for Register-Based Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Ulla Sovio

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Marika Kaakinen

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Annelli Sandbaek

Affiliation Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Jaana Laitinen

Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland

Anja Taanila

Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Primary Health Care Unit, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Anneli Pouta

Affiliations National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin

Contributed equally to this work with: Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Carsten Obel

lgra@alm.au.dk (LG); m.jarvelin@imperial.ac.uk (MRJ)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Primary Health Care Unit, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland

Carsten Obel

Contributed equally to this work with: Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Carsten Obel

Affiliation Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LG TIAS MRJ CO. Analyzed the data: LG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: US. Wrote the paper: LG CO TIAS. Supervised the analyses, revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted: LP. Revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted: US MK AS. Participated in data collection and approved the final manuscript as submitted: AP JL AT. Shared the senior responsibility with CO, designed the data collection instruments, coordinated and supervised data collection and approved the final manuscript as submitted: MRJ. Shared the senior responsibility with MRJ, initiated and established funding of this study, critically revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted: CO.