About the Authors

Anton S. Petrov

anton.petrov@biology.gatech.edu

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Chad R. Bernier

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Burak Gulen

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Chris C. Waterbury

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Eli Hershkovits

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Chiaolong Hsiao

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Stephen C. Harvey

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Nicholas V. Hud

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

George E. Fox

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Roger M. Wartell

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Loren Dean Williams

Affiliations Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ASP EH NVH GEF RMW LDW. Performed the experiments: ASP CRB CCW BG CH. Analyzed the data: ASP CRB CCW BG CH SCH GEF LDW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ASP CRB CH EH. Wrote the paper: ASP GEF LDW. Designed software for analysis: CRB ASP.