About the Authors

Mustafa Erbakan

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Yue-xiao Shen

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mariusz Grzelakowski

Affiliation AquaZ Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Peter J. Butler

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Manish Kumar

manish.kumar@psu.edu (MK); wrc2@psu.edu (WRC)

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Wayne R. Curtis

manish.kumar@psu.edu (MK); wrc2@psu.edu (WRC)

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Mariusz Grzelakowski of AquaZ Inc. is a co-author on this paper. We have recently received a sponsored research grant from AquaZ but the entirety of the work on this paper was conducted before this grant was funded. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ME YS MG PJB MK WRC. Performed the experiments: ME YS MG. Analyzed the data: ME YS MG PJB MK WRC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MK YS MG PJB. Wrote the paper: MK YS MG PJB MK WRC.